5 Superstar Female Sociologists You Should Know

There are many female sociologists who do important work around the world, on topics ranging from the achievement gap, to global consumption patterns, to gender and sexuality. Read on to learn more about 5 superstar female sociologists. Juliet Schor Dr.  Juliet Schor  is arguably the foremost scholar of the sociology of consumption, and a leading public intellectual who was awarded the 2014 American Sociological Associations prize for advancing the public understanding of sociology.  Professor of Sociology at Boston College, she  is the author of five books, and co-author and  editor of numerous others, has  published a multitude  of journal articles, and has been cited several thousand times by other scholars. Her research focuses on consumer culture, particularly the work-spend cycle—our tendency to spend more and more, on things that we don’t need and that won’t necessarily make us happier. The work-spend cycle was the focus of  her  research-rich, popular companion hits  The Overspent American  and  The Overworked American. Recently, her research has focused on  ethical and sustainable approaches to consumption in the context of a failing economy and a  planet on the brink. Her 2011 book  True Wealth: How and Why Millions of Americans Are Creating a Time-Rich, Ecologically-Light, Small-Scale, High-Satisfaction Economy makes the case for shifting out of the work-spend cycle by diversifying our personal income sources, placing more value on our time, being more mindful of the impacts of our consumption, consuming differently, and reinvesting in the social fabric of our communities.  Her current research into collaborative consumption and the new sharing economy is a part of the MacArthur Foundations Connected Learning Initiative. Gilda Ochoa Dr.  Gilda Ochoa  is  Professor of Chicana/o and Latina/o Studies at Pomona College. Her cutting edge approach to teaching and research has her regularly leading teams of college students in community-based research that addresses problems of  systemic racism, particularly those related to education,  and community-driven responses to it  in the greater Los Angeles area. She  is the author of the 2013 hit book,  Academic Profiling: Latinos, Asian Americans and the Achievement Gap. In this book, Ochoa thoroughly examines the root causes of the achievement gap between Latino and Asian American students in California. Through ethnographic research at one Southern California high school and hundreds of interviews with  students, teachers, and parents, Ochoa reveals troubling disparities in opportunity, status, treatment, and assumptions experienced by students. This important work debunks racial and cultural explanations for the achievement gap.   Following its publication, the book  received two important awards: the American Sociological Associations  Oliver Cromwell Cox Book Award for Anti-Racist Scholarship, and the Eduardo Bonilla-Silva Outstanding Book  Award from  the Society for the Study of Social Problems. She is the author of numerous academic journal articles and  two  other  books—Learning from Latino Teachers  and  Becoming Neighbors in a Mexican-American  Community: Power, Conflict, and Solidarity—and co-editor, with her brother Enrique, of Latino Los Angeles: Transformations, Communities, and Activism.  To learn more about Ochoa, you can read her fascinating interview about her book Academic Profiling, her intellectual development, and her research motivations. Lisa Wade Dr. Lisa Wade is a preeminent public sociologist in today’s media landscape. Associate Professor of Sociology at Occidental College, she rose to prominence as co-founder and contributor to the widely read blog Sociological Images. She is a regular contributor to national publications and blogs including  Salon, The Huffington Post, Business Insider, Slate, Politico, The Los Angeles Times, and Jezebel, among others. Wade  is an expert in gender and sexuality whose research and writing now focuses on hookup culture and sexual assault on college campuses, the social significance of the body, and U.S. discourse about genital mutilation. Her research has illuminated the intense sexual objectification that women experience and how this results in unequal treatment, sexual inequality (like the orgasm gap),  violence against women, and the socio-structural problem of gender inequality.  Wade has written or co-written over a dozen academic journal articles, numerous popular essays, and has frequently been a media guest on radio and television. In 2017, her book American Hookup was published, which examines hookup culture on college campuses. With Myra Marx Ferree, she  has co-authored a textbook on the sociology of gender. Jenny Chan Dr. Jenny Chan  is a  groundbreaking researcher whose work, which  focuses on issues of labor and working class identity in iPhone factories in China, sits at the intersection of the sociology of globalization and the sociology of work. By gaining hard-to-come-by access to Foxconn factories, Chan has illuminated many of the things Apple doesnt want you to know about how it makes its beautiful products. She is the author or co-author of numerous journal articles and book chapters, including a heartbreaking and analytically shrewd piece about a Foxconn suicide survivor,  and is writing a book with Pun Ngai and Mark Selden, titled  Dying for an iPhone: Apple, Foxconn, and a New Generation of Chinese Workers. Chan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Applied Social Sciences at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, and was previously a Lecturer at the University of Oxford. In 2018, she became the Vice President of Communications for the International Sociological Association’s Research Committee on Labour Movements. She has also played an important role as a scholar-activist, and from  2006 to 2009 was the Chief Coordinator of Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior (SACOM) in Hong Kong, a leading labor watch organization that works to hold corporations accountable for abuses happening in their global supply chains. C.J. Pascoe Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon, Dr. C.J. Pascoe is a leading scholar of gender, sexuality, and adolescence. Her work has been cited by other scholars  over 2100 times and has been widely cited in national news media. She is the author of the  groundbreaking and highly regarded book  Dude, Youre a Fag: Masculinity and Sexuality in High School, winner of the 2008 Outstanding Book Award from the American Educational Research Association. The research featured in the book is a compelling look at how both formal and informal curricula at high schools shape the development of gender and sexuality of students, and how in particular, the idealized form of masculinity boys are expected to perform is premised on the sexual and social control of girls. Pascoe is also a contributor to the book  Hanging Out, Messing Around, and Geeking Out: Kids Living  and Learning with New Media.   She is an engaged public intellectual and activist for the rights of LGBTQ youth, who has worked with organizations including Beyond Bullying: Shifting the Discourse of LGBTQ Sexuality, Youth in Schools, Born This Way Foundation, SPARK! Girls Summit, TrueChild, and the Gay/Straight Alliance Network. Pascoe is working on a new book titled Just a Teenager in Love: Young People’s Cultures of Love and Romance and is a co-founder and co-editor of the blog Social In(Queery).

Childhood Is A Complex Concept Of Childhood - 1826 Words

Childhood is a complex concept that has never been clearly defined, nor has it stayed a stagnant concept across all times and cultures. The time period in which a child exists is different depending on the time you are looking at, as are the characteristics which are attributed to children. In the time periods that were studied in this class, which spanned from the early modern period of literature up until the late twentieth century, the idea of childhood and what represented it changed vastly. In some of our early readings, children were defined as helpless and ignorant, with very little logic or ability to rationalize or reason. Towards the ends of our readings, when we were getting into the books that were produced in the twentieth century, childhood is still portrayed as innocent, but also as playful and creative, and full of life, laughter and friendship. In the 1700s, children were seen as naà ¯ve, powerless, needing protection, and very impressionable. In Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll attempts to create a child which is idealistically innocent and capable of reason. In his fantasy world of Wonderland, Carroll shows an imaginative and creative child who isn’t afraid of the unusual things she is presented with, but instead embraces them and the differences that they portray as she is different herself. He takes an interesting stance for the time period on portraying mental health problems as something that is able to be coped with and that should beShow MoreRelatedHow Childhood Has Changed over the Centuries1220 Words   |  5 Pagesideas about childhood over the centuries, there are several points of discussion that arise. 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Leadership is nothing but the capability to influenceRead MorePlay Time : A Child s Work1135 Words   |  5 Pageschild’s development in early childhood. Play is a child’s work, it is how they begin to learn and grow intellectually, socially, and emotionally at a young age. In addition, play-time also helps introduce and initiate proper motor skills and cognitive thinking. Play-time involving mother and child is equally important because it is helping build the connection between parent and child. Without play-time, a child can be deprived of the most important aspect of his/her childhood and may grow up withoutRead MoreSocial Construct ion of Childhood Essay1286 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican, British and continental writers (Burr, 1995). However, in childhood studies this notion appears later on. It is mostly held universally, childhood is a stage that biologically existing in human life in early years. It should be considered this childhood is constructed in the society. As a social being, it brings into the mind the relationship between society and child, inevitably. However, the dominant understanding of childhood attributes biological and social development, as figurative symbolsRead MoreThe Effects Of Traumatic Events On Infants And Young Children1320 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch regarding trauma has shifted from adults to children. In the past, the impact of traumatic events on infants and young children has been passed over when in reality early childhood is the stage when a child is most vulnerable to the effects of trauma (Perry et. al., 1995). There are numerous interventions for early childhood traum a that focus on the child and the child’s primary caregiver. I wanted to design an intervention that will be able to go beyond the home environment of the child and into

An Article Review Of “Memory Blindness Altered Memory

An Article Review of â€Å"Memory blindness: Altered memory reports lead to distortion in eyewitness memory† by Cochran et al. (2016) Introduction: Cochran et al (2016) provide a case study analysis of the temporal nature of memory in suspect lineups and crimes being investigated by law enforcement. The study involves a longitudinal evaluation of participants that are given evidence of a crime (through slideshows) that allows them to ascertain the criminal act or to choose a suspect in a lineup. At a later time, the participants are given altered information on the crime, which revealed a greatly distorted memory of the crimes that the participants did not remember. This misinformation was an attempt to trick the participants into affirming†¦show more content†¦Multiple-choice questionnaires were used for Experiment 1 to identify false answers. Experiment 2 was partially done online, which allowed the stu8dents to make choices without direct contact with the authors of the study. Analysis Results: Experiment 1 results found that many of the students failed to remember the initial data provided to them at the onset of the study, which provided the effect of misinformation on the memory of the participant: â€Å"These analyses revealed a significant main effect for misinformation items, F(1, 163) = 9.89, p = .002, ÃŽ ·p2 = .06, 90 % CI for effect size = [.01, .12] (Cochran et al, 2016, p.721). This data confirms that the students had not retained the original memory of the crimes committed, which resulted in a large-scale choice blindness. In this manner, the multiple –choice segment of this study exposed memory lapses as part of the re-evaluation process of the participant s memories. Therefore, misinformation was not properly identified in the remembrance of these criminal scenarios. Experiment 2 also proved successful for choice blindness in that the slide show provided for the students at the first-stage was altered in the second-stage. 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He Wished for the Cloths of Heaven and Love by George Free Essays

This poem comes across as a declaration of love where the poet has used rich imagery and metaphorically described the sky as a cloth. He paints a beautiful image of the sky as being ‘inwrought with golden and silver light†, golden during the day and silver with the light of the moon. The picture created In the mind of the reader of spreading the cloths under her feet, Like a cloak, Is a romantic and chivalrous one. We will write a custom essay sample on He Wished for the Cloths of Heaven and Love by George or any similar topic only for you Order Now The tone In the beginning of ‘Cloths of Heaven’ Is one of exuberance as it describes a joyful, effervescent declaration of love but awards the end it changes to fearful as the poet considers that his love might be rejected. I believe this poem captures the pain of unanswered love which is capable of permanently wounding a person, hence to avoid being a victim of such a situation, Yeats is warning his love to be careful with his heart and dreams for he feels fragile and vulnerable in his declaration of love. George Herbert ‘Love’ on the other hand, explores his love for the Almighty. He draws attention to the fact that God is love. It shows God as a gracious host, perceptive and tolerant of the unavoidable failings of is honest followers, full of generosity and goodness, who overcomes all of objections to uniting ourselves with Him. The poet who Is keen on meeting God holds himself back because he feels undeserving as a result of the sins he has committed, which strengthen his belief In the fact that Is he not worthy enough to stand before the Almighty. God is portrayed to be so open, so loving and forgiving. All the poet’s protests are met with gentle persuasion, which is something that we all identify God’s loving nature with. Both the poems bring out different aspects of love. In ‘He wishes for the Cloths of Heaven’, Yeats talks about romantic love and the pain one must bear if that love is rejected, while George Herbert ‘Love’ not only describes his love for God but also talks about the Almighty loving nature but also the beauty of his love for mankind. Yet, the underlying factor in both the poems is Love. He wishes for the Cloths of Heaven – William Butler Yeats HAD I the heavens’ embroidered cloths, Inwrought with golden and silver light, The blue and the dim and the dark cloths T nylon anon align an I would spread the cloths under your feet: But l, being poor, have only my dreams; I have spread my dreams under your feet; Tread softly because you tread on my dreams. Love – George Herbert Love bade me welcome; yet my soul drew back, Guilty of dust and sin. But quick-eyed Love, observing me grow slack From my first entrance in, Drew nearer to me, sweetly questioning If I lacked anything. ‘A guest,’ I answer’s, ‘worthy to be here:’ Love said, ‘You shall be he. ‘ ‘l, the unkind, ungrateful? Ah, my dear, I cannot look on Thee. ‘ Love took my hand and smiling did reply, Who made the eyes but I? ‘ ‘Truth, Lord; but I have marred them: let my shame Go where it doth deserve. ‘ ‘And know you not,’ says Love, Who bore the blame? ‘ ‘My dear, then I will serve. ‘ ‘You must sit down,’ says Love, ‘and taste my meat. ‘ So I did sit and eat. Question 3 On this cold winter’s night Only poor street children are in sights She calls out to the man on the street â€Å"Sir, can you help me? It’s cold and I’ve nowhere to sleep, Is there somewhere you can tell me? † No blankets no shoes How on earth will they make it through He walks on, doesn’t look back He pretends he can’t hear her Starts to whistle as he crosses the street Seems embarrassed to be there Oh think twice, it’s another day for You and me in paradise Oh think twice, it’s Just another day for you, You Ana me In paradise He can see she’s been crying It’s such a sad sights To be out, on this cold night, 0 You should be in bed all nice and tight Not wet and cold, with no one to hold. She’s got blisters on the soles of her feet Can’t walk but she’s trying You are precious, were u ever told? 0 Someone should known Just where do they go? Oh lord, is there nothing more anybody can do Oh lord, there must be something you can say For, it is a sin! For these poor street children. To be in plain sights On this cold, wet winters night. You can tell from the lines on her face You can see that she’s been there Probably been moved on from every place ‘Coos she didn’t fit in there Another Day in Paradise – Phil Collins He walks on, doesn’t look back Oh! Think twice, it’s another day for Oh! Think twice, it’s Just another day for you, can Chi. WA K out sense trying Street Children No blankets, no shoes How on earth will they make it through Besides their cold faces,0 Wet legs and muddy traces. They stand here all alone With no umbrella nor a phone. 0 To be out, on this cold night,0 Not wet and cold, with no one to hold. 0 You are precious, were u ever told? 0 Just where do they go? 0 For is a sin! 0 For these poor street children. O ‘Another day in Paradise’ talks about the disheartening story of a poor, homeless child who has nowhere to sleep and is unable to bear the cold outside so she asks a man passing by if he knows of some place where she can go but her question is answered with silence as the man walks off, embarrassed to be there. The writer questions god f there is anything he can do to solve their problem and get rid of their pain. Hence, the plight of homeless children, their suffering and their pain is brought out in this Dialectal song Day panel Collins. An anonymous writer won napes to De a rescued homeless child has written the poem. Both, the song and the poem have an underlying theme, which is the pain and suffering of poor children with nowhere to go. In the poem, the poet compares the life of a street child to that of a regular child of the same age and brings out the difference between their lives. Like on a cold inters night, a child must be tucked into bed, not Wet and cold with none to hold’. Street children do not deserve to grow up in such horrid conditions. It is indeed a sin to see them suffer this way, and do nothing about it. They have nobody to look after them or look out for them. In this poem, the poet brings out the sadness in her heart stemming from the pain she feels by seeing little homeless children endure all the pain and suffering they do not deserve. Hence, in my opinion the poem and the song go well together as both are directed towards a common issue, the plight of homeless children. How to cite He Wished for the Cloths of Heaven and Love by George, Papers

Life of Eudora Welty Essay Example For Students

Life of Eudora Welty Essay Eudora Welty was born in 1909, in Jackson, Mississippi, grew up in a prosperous home with her two younger brothers. Her parent was an Ohio-born insurance man and a strong-minded West Virginian schoolteacher, who settled in Jackson in 1904 after their marriage. Eudoras school life began attending a white-only school. As born and brought up under strict supervision and influence, at the age of sixteen she somehow convinced her parents to attend college far enough from home, to Columbus, Mississippi and then to Madison, Wisconsin. After graduation in 1930, she moved to New York to attend Columbia Business School. While living in New York, Harlem Jazz theatre occupied her more than her class did. She returned to Jackson in 1931 following her fathers untimely death, where she worked for a local radio station and also wrote articles for a newspaper. Later she worked as a publicity agent for the Works Progress Administration in 1935. As a part of her job she traveled by car or by bus through the depth of Mississippi, and saw poverty of black and white people, which she had never imagined before. This time photography became her passion. She was somehow influenced by black and Southern culture as seen in her novel or short story called Some Notes on River Country or A Worn Path. Eudora Weltys writing process began as she started using experience from her job as material for short stories. Welty knew that she was starting something new and she Salahuddin 2 did not expect success to come without a struggle. In June 1936 her story Death of a Traveling Salesman was published in the Journal Manuscript. Within the next two years her work had appeared in prestigious publication as Atlantic Monthly and the Southern Review. Many readers liked her collection of short stories in A Curtain of Green and predicted that if would lead her to greater achievements as a successful writer. Two years later her two short stories The Wide Net and Other Stories were highly appreciated by critics such as Robert Penn Warren. Eudora Weltys primary goal in creating fiction was not only to relate a series of events, but also to convey a stronger sense of her characters of that specific moment in times, always acknowledging the ambiguous nature of reality. She has written both humorous and tragic stories. Her humorous stories often rely upon the comic possibility of language as in both of her stories, Why I Live at the P. O. and The Ponder Heart, which explains the humor in the speech pattern and colorful idiom of their Southern narrators. Welty hasnt published any new volumes of short stories since The Bride of Innisfallen in 1955 and it renewed her interest in fiction. In the early 1970s to 80s she wrote many novels and short stories. Her most complex stories in The Golden Apples won critical acclaim, and she received a number of prizes and awards throughout the following decade. She won the William Dean Howells Medal of Academy of Arts. Welty also won the letters for her novel The Ponder Heart. In the 1970s she published two novels, Losing Battles and The Optimists Daughter, which was much more critically successful and won a Pulitzer Prize. Her autobiographical book One Writers Beginnings is a remarkably useful account of her origins and development as a writer. Salahuddin 3 For her literary work Eudora Welty has received almost every award a nation can give. She received Freedom Medal of Honor twice from President Jimmy Carter and President Ronald Ragen. Other awards include the Gold Medal for the Novel from the National Institute of Arts and Letters, the Bobst Award in Arts and Letters, eight Henry Memorial Prizes, the Howells Medal from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, the American Book Award for Paperback Fiction, The St. Louis Literary Award, the Lillian Smith Award, the Common Wealth Award from the Modern Language Association, the Phi Beta Kappa Association Award, the Rea Award for the Short Story, the Peggy V. Helmerich Distinguished Author Award, and the PEN/Malamud Award. Weltys portrait was hung in the National Portrait Gallery in 1988 which is a rare instance honoring a living person. In the short story, Death of A Travelling Salesman, written by Eudora Welty. The main character of her story is R. J. Bowman, who is a succ essful salesman but not successful to be loved or to love someone. .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 , .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .postImageUrl , .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 , .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2:hover , .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2:visited , .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2:active { border:0!important; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2:active , .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2 .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9cac3921904bff9453c09ed4574576c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Effects Of Detoxification On A Healthy Lifestyle EssayAfter recovering from illness, Bowman heading a place name Beulah, his car goes in to the ditch because of dusty residue on his car that prevent him to see the road. For help to get his car out of ditch, Bowman, goes to a house and knock on the door. An old woman opens the door holding a lamp, and he notices that the lamp she holds is half black and half clear. After listing Bowmans problem that woman tells him that her husband, Sonny, will be home to get his car out. With the woman lighting the lamp he realizes the effect of the dark cloud over his life. He finds that his half-life is happy and the other half is full of darkness and sadness. Bowman knows he has never felt love before, and he doesnt know if he can ever love. He start to feel unwanted in the house, because he finds out that Sonny and the woman Salahuddin 4 are married and are going to have a child. As he is walking out to his car, he started to feel terribly sick. He covered his heart so no one could hear the sound of an aching heart. He covered his heart as he has done all his life, he has covered up the darkness so no one else could see it, and so no one could try and help him. So finally, he dies as half-happy and half-sad salesman. After a lifetime of refusing to consider teaching a profession too closely associated with her mother, she began to lecture on writing whenever she asked. Eudora Welty will always be remembered for her contributions in the literary world. Her work has been the subject of thousands of academic papers and theses. She is widely regarded as one of the foremost fiction writers not only in America but also in other countries as well. Eudora Welty died unmarried on July 23, 2001 at the age of 92.

The Melanin Theory

Melanin theorists purport that black people are more superior to the whites (Cashmore and Jennings 181) because they have greater quantities of melanin. They attribute whites’ alleged â€Å"inhumanity† and â€Å"inferiority† to lack of melanin. Melanin theorists also maintain that melanin bestows upon people of color some superhuman abilities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Melanin Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The theorists are unanimous that melanin is both a superconductor and a semiconductor. They contend that melanin can absorb electromagnetic radiation and is capable of converting light and magnetic fields to sound. To these theorists, â€Å"melanin can process information without reporting to the brain because it is the chemical basis of the soul† (Barnes 88). The presence of neuromelanin in a human brain’s substantia nigra aids in transmission of neuronal impulses. The proponents of the melanin theory also advance that â€Å"higher levels of melanin in the skin enable nerve synapses to fire more quickly and efficiently† (Barnes 90). This element underscores the black men’s athleticism. These theorists also believe, â€Å"The lower incidence of Parkinson’s diseases among the Blacks is due to the high hypodermic melanin levels in their skin, which acts as a preventative against development of the diseases† (Irving 315). However, the melanin theory is a stereotype for it has no scientific backing to prove its claims as expounded in this paper. The architects of this theory believe that white people are mutants and that whiter skin is a form of albinism with the likes of Wade Nobles opining that â€Å"Blacks are fully human because of their higher levels of skin melanin† (Cashmore and Jennings 116). In addition, Nobles holds that the â€Å"central nervous system and the essential melanic system make on e a full human† (Cashmore and Jennings 116). Therefore, to be human is to be black. Frances Welsing coined the idea of hue-man instead of human to â€Å"illuminate the existing inherent and behavioral differences between black and white people† (Welsing The Isis Papers 200).Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Barnes, another Melanin theorist, states that melanin â€Å"is responsible for civilization, philosophy, religion, truth, justice, and righteousness, and that is why the whites behave in a barbaric manner† (81). He further adduces that melanin’s ability to absorb frequencies enhances the black man’s ability to feel his surroundings. In the eyes of the people of color, whites are rigid, cold, unfeeling, and calculating because their skins have lower levels of melanin. In addition, some theorists relate the pigment melanin with intelligence and creativi ty. Europeans being the â€Å"ice-people† are therefore born cold and greedy, militaristic, and authoritarian. Frances Welsing also purports, â€Å"The prevalence of high blood pressure among African Americans is due to the fact that melanin picks up energy vibrations from people who are stressed up† (Welsing Blacks hypertension 65). Dark skinned people therefore absorb stress in others hence stand higher chances of experiencing high blood pressure. Barnes also purported that white scientists created drugs like cocaine among others, which chemically bind with melanin by the mere fact that they are both alkaloids, hence the high likelihood of black people getting addicted faster or even stay addicted for longer. Barnes argues, â€Å"The blacks can test positive for Cocaine even after a year has elapsed courtesy of cocaine’s ability to co-polymerize into melanin† (18). Some of the arguments advanced by Melanin Theorists like Barnes that the whites deliberat ely created drugs like cocaine, which have high affinity for melanin, to make the black people get addicted faster and for longer cannot be factual. No one disputes that â€Å"melanin binds with cocaine; however, skin melanin cannot be linked to the mechanism of addiction† (Mieczkowski and Kruger 6). An argument to the effect that in circumstances when hair has been used to test drug use, â€Å"people with darker hair are more likely to test positive for cocaine use because cocaine has high affinity for melanin, is not true because even the whites with dark hair can test positive for the same† (Mieczkowski and Kruger 8).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Melanin Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Barnes’ accusation of the white scientists has no element of absolutism because so far, there is no evidence that points to white conspiracy to compound addictive substances that target the b lacks. However, people should not forget that there exists an established link between an aspect of melanin-related biology and substance addiction, especially the melanin found in the brain. Drug addiction is facilitated by complex neuronal processes that converge on the shell of nucleus accumbens that receive inputs from the lateral hypothalamus. Melanin concentrating hormone is produced from the lateral hypothalamus. Regardless of the fact that the mechanism for nicotine addiction has not been fully understood, â€Å"melanin has a biochemical affinity for nicotine and that the greater the amount of melanin an individual may be having the harder it can be for him or her to quit smoking† (Mieczkowski and Kruger 11). People who become dark skinned due to sun tanning, irrespective of whether they are black or white, are at risk of developing nicotine addiction. Welsing’s claim that â€Å"dark skinned people absorb the stress in others resulting in high blood pressureâ €  (Blacks hypertension 65) cannot entirely be true if scientific studies that have been conducted in this field are anything to go by. Science has for sure linked blacks to norepinephrine. The bodies of human beings produce this substance when subjected to certain levels of stress. This substance constricts blood vessels, but whites and blacks exhibit elevated blood pressure when subjected to pressure. Melanin theorists stir fallacious thinking, as some of the reasons they advance are full of logical fallacies and accepting them in totality leads to error in thinking hence fictitious characterization of science. While trying to support the truth of their opinions, melanin theorists seemingly resign to their views. They think that their entitlement is indispensable for the truth of the argument. They never seem to realize that â€Å"their entitlement to their opinions has no consequence for scientific truth neither does it validate the views they express† (White and Billin g 191). Their entitlement is not backed with evidence.Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The theorists’ assertion that possession of greater quantities of melanin makes black people superior and that its lack is a pointer as to why the whites are inhuman and inferior is not backed with any evidence to that effect. Some of their arguments are indeed a distortion of scientific facts. The theory therefore has no credibility in mainstream science. Human rights and entitlements cannot be used to support a view, as the focus will shift from scientific evidence to human rights. Being entitled to a given opinion in scientific discourses can only be equated to being wrong especially when there are no facts, evidences, and reason to support such opinions. Only data and evidence can make an opinion correct. Evidences adduced should be independent of one’s view. The proponents of this pseudoscientific theory have committed the fallacy of argument to ignorance. Apparently, they have a belief that things have to be true because they have not been proved otherwise. They are oblivious of the fact that inability to prove a claim â€Å"does not necessarily mean that the claim is true† (White and Billing 181). Look at it this way, an individual can claim that s/he is capable of running 100m sprint in less than 3 seconds. However, if s/he refuses to be tested in a race, â€Å"people’s inability to falsify the claim does not make the claim true by default; moreover, the fact that no scientific study has associated melanin to creativity and intelligence does not give melanin theorists license to posit that melanin is the source of intelligence and creativity† (White and Billing 181). Moreover, this does not qualify them to assert that â€Å"ice-people† are cold and greedy, militaristic, and authoritarian because they were born melanin-deficient. Carol Barnes also commits the fallacy of argument to ignorance by asserting, â€Å"Melanin is responsible for civilization, philosophy, religion, truth, justice, and righteousness† (Barnes 81). In fact, no scientific study has illuminated this; however, the absence of any evidence cannot make such sentiments true. Melanin theorists also commit the fallacy of generalization by suggesting that black people are proficient in athletics because they have higher amounts of melanin in their skin. Across the world, many athletes are successful, but they are not black. It is also wrong to think that melanin is responsible for civilization, philosophy, religion, truth, justice, and righteousness. In the contemporary world, there exist many uncivilized and unrighteous blacks in spite of having elevated melanin levels in their skins. Barnes, one of the ardent Melanin theorists, asserts that melanin â€Å"gives human beings the ability to feel because it is the absorber of all frequencies of energy† (81). Barnes advances that white people are perceived by people of color as being rigid, heartless, and cold because they have least amounts of melanin. The burden of truth lies with Barnes with regard to proving her assertions. She never tells why she thinks that black skinned people can never be rigid, heartless, and cold. Her sentiments are mere assertions, as she never uses science to support her position with positive evidence. In conclusion, melanin theorists propagate the misconception that Blacks are superior to Whites because the former have higher melanin levels in their skin than the latter. Apparently, according to these theorists, the presence of high melanin levels in Blacks underscores their athleticism and resistance to the Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, Blacks are purportedly more human by the virtue of having high melanin levels; actually, to be human is to be black according to melanin theorists. In a twist of argument, melanin theorists explain that Blacks are prone to hypertension and high stress levels because their melanin absorbs stress from their surroundings. Moreover, Blacks are prone to drug addiction because m elanin has high affinity for drugs like cocaine. However, these arguments are full of assumptions and fallacies for lack of scientific proof. Therefore, these theorists commit the fallacy of argument to ignorance, fallacy of generalization, and fallacy of appeal to authority. For instance, they commit the fallacy of appeal to spite by portraying the whites as an inferior race. By substituting attack on ethnicity and racism, the theorists are oblivious of fallacy of circumstantial Ad Hominem in their arguments. Works Cited Barnes, Carol. Melanin: The Chemical Key to Black Greatness. New York: Lushena Books, 2001. Print. Cashmore, Ernest, and James Jennings. Racism: essential readings. New York: Sage, 2001. Print. Irving, Kessler. â€Å"Epidemiologic Studies of Parkinson’s Disease: II. A Hospital-based Survey.† American Journal of Epidemiology 95.16 (1972): 308-318. Print. Mieczkowski, Tom, and Michael Kruger. â€Å"Interpreting the color effect of melanin on Cocaine an d benzoylecgonine assays for hair analysis: Brown and black samples compared.† Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 14.1 (2007): 7–15. Print. Welsing, Frances. â€Å"Blacks, hypertension, and the active skin melanocyte†. Urban Health  4.3 (1975): 64–72. Print. Welsing, Frances. The Isis Papers: The Keys to the Colors. New York: Third World Press, 1990. Print. White, Fred, and Simone Billing. The Well Crafted Argument. New York: Cengage, 2010. Print. This essay on The Melanin Theory was written and submitted by user Spencer L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

HPM Program Essay Sample

HPM Program Essay SampleAn HPM program essay sample is a learning tool that can help a student who is just beginning to learn the language of HPM programs. In order to speak about the more complex subjects of HPM programs, such as programming, you need to be able to learn how to write properly in HPM.While many students are taught how to program in BASIC when they first start a computer class, HPM does not use a simple language as a first programming language. Programs in HPM are usually written in a special type of C++ that is referred to as 'Intermediate programming.' This language is designed to be easier for students to learn than a more simple language, like BASIC, which many classes that teach computers, but it is not as easy as some people think.When you are looking for an HPM program essay sample that will help you with your research, you will find a few things that you will want to be careful about. It is important to remember that the examples in a writing sample may not al ways be accurate or true. If the example is not accurate, it will be much harder for you to take into account when it comes time to write an essay.If you are looking for an HPM program essay sample that will teach you how to write a program properly, you may want to use a program that is much easier to learn than basic C++. The program I recommend is called the 'HPM Tool.' This program can be found online at the website of the Human Powered Computing Lab in Binghamton, New York.A program like the HPM Tool will give you examples of all types of writing that you will need in order to complete an HPM program essay sample and you will need to complete them quickly. The best thing about this is that these examples have been analyzed by an expert, and you will also learn about the grammar and syntax involved in the writing that you will be using in your essay.While it is important to remember that writing an HPM program essay sample will be different from writing a simple essay, you shoul d also remember that you will need to be able to write a program correctly in order to become a good programmer. In order to get this you will need to learn what exactly programming is. Programming is not something that you can read about in a book or watch on television, and therefore you will need to learn this for yourself.To help you learn about programming, you can use the HPM Program Essay Sample. This sample can be very helpful if you are a first-time programmer. The problem with it is that while it is an effective way to get used to programming, it will also help you understand the basics of programming, and you will want to keep looking for better examples as you begin to understand more about programming.There are many sites online that have great programs like the HPM Program Essay Sample that can help you learn about programming, and can help you write a program correctly in order to make sure that you can fully understand and learn about the language of HPM programs. Th ese types of sites are designed to give you the type of program examples that you will need to understand the basics of programming. The best part about using these types of sites is that they are not expensive, and you will find that they will give you great examples that you can easily use in order to write a program essay sample in HPM.